Typically, changes on the hydrological cycle are associated to urbanization of recharge areas and changes on the natural surface and. Results the first operations injecting co 2 into saline aquifers in the early 1990 s were acidgas h 2s and co 2 disposal. The piezometric level is the imaginary level to which the water. Some of these efforts and technologies have been widely implemented such as energy efficiency measures, while others require more research and development. Here, we present an analytical model for the postinjection spreading of a plume of co. Reactive multiphase behavior of co2 in saline aquifers beneath the colorado plateau showing 14 of 26 pages in this report. Jan 21, 2019 compressedair energy storage could be a useful interseasonal storage resource to support highly renewable power systems. Injection of large volumes of excess water currently not needed into saline aquifers could create valuable water resources that. Water resource systems research unit, civil engineering department. Cardno entrix, 88 colonial boulevard, fort myers, florida 33907. Saline ground water occurs as connate water or other saline water that entered an aquifer in the geologic past and has not been flushed from the aquifer. Saline groundwater from coastal aquifers as a source for. Storage in saline aquifers allows for co 2 to be safely stored for hundreds to thousands of years in otherwise unused geological formations.
Pdf co2 storage in saline aquifers semantic scholar. May 08, 2014 presentation given by auli niemi of uppsala university on quantification of saline aquifers for geological storage of co2 experiences from mustang project at the ec fp7 projects. Also shown are projects in an advanced planning stage see text for details as well as the weyburn and otway pilot projects. Revision of the documentation for a model for calculating. A recent intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc report pachauri and reisinger, 2007 has indicated that injection of co2 into confined geological formations. Reverse osmosis ro seawater desalination is currently a widespread means of closing the gap between supply and demand for potable water in arid regions. Aquifer storage and recovery using saline aquifers. Interseasonal compressedair energy storage using saline. These aquifers receive recharge at a rate of 80,000 ml yr and they are being pumped at a rate of 160,000 mlyr. Capillary trapping under slope and groundwater flow. Confined and unconfined aquifers respond differently to pumping. Over 75% of the potential uk co 2 storage capacity is found in saline aquifers co 2 stored and these are described in box 1.
The quality and availability of water has become a pressing issue worldwide, being particularly important in semiarid regions, where climate change has. Reactive multiphase behavior of co2 in saline aquifers. The impact of these other sources often is not considered and consequently, the source zones, movement, and composition of saline groundwater may be misinterpreted or not fully. Changes in groundwater levels resulting in saline water being drawn into an aquifer. Publications information circular a preliminary study of the distribution of saline water in the bedrock aquifers of eastern wisconsin a preliminary study of the distribution of saline water in the bedrock aquifers of. Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers download ebook pdf. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Quantification protocol for co2 capture and permanent storage in deep saline aquifers more information download downloads. For instance, saline water is denser than fresh water and will thus increase the hydraulic conductivity of a waterbearing layer. Dissolution of injected co2 into resident brines is one of the primary trapping mechanisms generally considered. Saline aquifers definition, glossary, details power plant ccs. Geological survey a model for calculating effects of liquid waste disposal in deep saline aquifers. Usgs map of the principal aquifers of the united states. Recovering fresh water stored in saline limestone aquifers.
Carbon capture and storage projects applicable under this protocol consist of three main components. Uncertainty analysis of capacity estimates and leakage potential for geologic storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers by yamama raza submitted to the engineering systems division on may 14th, 2009 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for. Arco chair in energy studies co2 migration in saline aquifers. For the solubility trapping, there is only a small difference among aquifers with different levels of heterogeneity. Saline aquifers are geological formations consisting of water permeable rocks that are saturated with salt water, called brine.
Many parameters have been indicated crucial for the selection of a saline aquifer as a carbon dioxide co 2 storage site. Geologic carbon storage in deep saline aquifers is a promising technology for reducing anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. A geochemical approach to determine sources and movement of. Global sensitivity analysis to assess salt precipitation. The model captures cosubscript 2 migration due to groundwater flow and aquifer slope, as well as residual trapping and dissolution. Assessment of feasible strategies for seasonal underground. Moreover, of the several co 2 storage possibilities proposed, including injection into deep oceans, depleted oil reservoirs, and unminable coal seams, storage in deep saline aquifers appears to hold the most combined promise in terms of storage capacity, proximity to emission sources, and stateoftheart technology 4, 5, 8 10. This will set the scene for companies, regulatory authorities, nongovernmental organisations, and ultimately, the interested general public, in. Quantification protocol for co2 capture and permanent storage. Saline water is defined herein as water containing more than 1,000 parts per million of dissolved solids, or, with certain mineralized irrigation waters whose exact dissolved solids content is not known, water. A key aspect of co 2 storage in saline aquifers is the conflict of interest with respect to aquifer usage, i. Aquifers are layers of porous rock containing salt water saline or brine aquifers overlain by a cap rock layer which is impervious to water, hydrocarbons, and co 2. Aquifer storage and recovery asr is a valuable tool for managing variations in the supply and demand of freshwater, but system performance is highly dependent upon system. Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers is practiced in several industrial activities, and is being considered as part of a possible mitigation strategy to reduce anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Leading the way in ccs implementation event, london, 1415 april 2014. Large quantities of saline water are available in the world, both on the surface and underground. Click download or read online button to get seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers book now. A geochemical approach to determine sources and movement of saline groundwater in a coastal aquifer by robert anders1, gregory o. Scientists propose to capture huge quantities of the carbon dioxide co2 from the smokestacks of industrial facilities, compress the gas into a fluid form and dispose of it forever deep underground in the saline formations. Chemical reactions that change the chemistry of groundwater or thermal sources such as volcanoes, hot rocks or the sun heating the groundwater. Injection of co2 into deep saline aquifers involves co2 as a supercritical fluid that is less dense and less viscous than the resident formation water. To ensure secure storage of this co2, it is important to understand the interaction of co2 injection and migration with geological layering. The construction of the afsluitdijk has resulted in the creation of a fresh water lake. Exploitation of groundwater from fresh water lenses in saline aquifers by amjad s. Geological carbon sequestration, as a method of atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction, is at the technological forefront of the climate change movement. Quantification of saline aquifers for geological storage of.
One of the key parameters, which has received little attention, is co2. A numerical study of saline contamination of a coastal. Details of additions and modifications to a computer code described in an earlier report entitled a model for calculating effects of liquid waste disposal in deep saline aquifers. Modelling and simulation of a saline aquifer for co. This research is a feasibility study to determine whether fresh water storage in saline aquifers is possible by means of a fresh storage saline extraction fsse well. Potential storage sites must fulfil a number of geological criteria, and require careful characterisation to ensure storage security, integrity, feasibility and. An alternative water source is saline groundwater with salinity close to. A numerical study to assess the effect of heterogeneity on. Sequestration of carbon in saline aquifers mathematical.
Emerging contaminants and nutrients in a saline aquifer of. Pdf potencial use of saline aquifers for geological. We incorporate cosubscript 2 dissolution due to convective mixing into a sharpinterface mathematical model for the postinjection migration of a plume of cosubscript 2 in a saline aquifer. Feasibility study for fresh water storage in saline. Fluid model studies of the storage of freshwater in saline. Uncertainty analysis of capacity estimates and leakage. In the present work, a 2d cartesian model of a saline aquifer was developed in the gproms modelbuilder, to provide a practical tool to study the feasibility of an aquifer for the co 2.
Potential storage sites must fulfil a number of geological criteria, and require careful characterisation to ensure storage security, integrity, feasibility and costeffectiveness. The term nanoparticle refers to an innocuous nanometersized mineral or organic solids particle. Saline intrusion represents one of the most persistent environmental problems at the worldwide coasts. Co 2 injection into saline carbonate aquifer formations i.
Because the water level of the lake is higher than the surrounding polders, fresh water from this lake is seeping into these polders. Salt precipitation is generated near the injection well when dry supercritical carbon dioxide scco 2 is injected into saline aquifers, and it can seriously impair the co 2 injectivity of the well. In some cases 7% this is a local effect around the pumping area, while in others 33% this encroachment covers a larger area. Co2 migration and trapping capacity in deep saline aquifers are highly influenced by various rock and fluid parameters. Saline intrusion on a coastal aquifer medcrave online. The aquifer basics web site provides a general overview and maps of the principal aquifers of the united states by rock type and via alphabetical list. Summary of feedback to draft protocol and responses more information download downloads. Saline aquifers are key to the emerging technology of carbon capture and sequestration ccs. Co2 storage in saline aquifers ii experience from existing.
Saline aquifers are sedimentary rocks saturated with saline, nonpotable water from which water can be drawn and fluids can e injected to be stored for a longer period of time. Simulation of coupled processes of flow, transport, and. Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers water management. Deep saline aquifers have been reported to have the highest estimated co2 sequestration capacity.
Best practice for the storage of co2 in saline aquifers observations and guidelines from the sacs and co2store projects edited and compiled by. Of these options, storage in deep saline aquifers appears to be the best choice in terms of resident storage time, storage capacity and proximity to emission cites 56. Assessment of feasible strategies for seasonal underground hydrogen storage in a saline aquifer elena abarca, alvaro sainzgarcia, fidel grandia. Our streamline simulation method provides an extension of previous. Although there are a number of mathematical modeling studies for carbon dioxide co 2 injection into aquifer formations, experimental studies are limited and most studies focus on injection into sandstone reservoirs as opposed to carbonate ones. These additions and modifications include free water surface, vertical recharge, equilibrium controlled linear absorption and a first order irreversible. Deep saline aquifers are great candidates for sequestration once they offer high storage capacities and worldwide distribution. Geological carbon sequestration in saline aquifers in china is one area with a large carbonstorage potential and where the research is considered in its infancy. Nanofluidbased co2 geological storage is defined as permanent sequestration of specific nanofluids in reservoirs such as depleted oil fields and deep saline aquifers. Confined and unconfined aquifers respond differently to pumping the markedly different response of confined and unconfined aquifers to pumping before the groundwater system returns to a new equilibrium is demonstrated by calculations of drawdown resulting from a single pumping well in an idealized example of each type of aquifer figures a1.
Other findings were that fresh water injected into highly permeable or highly saline aquifers would buoy rapidly with a deleterious. Additionally, these aquifers are often close to stationary pointsource co 2 emission sites, especially in the united states 4, 810, 1416. This means that overall the system is losing water causing a decline in groundwater levels that affects users in the lower and middle aquifers. Potencial use of saline aquifers for geological storage of co2 in portugal. Graduate thesis or dissertation optimization of capillary. Four large coalfired power plants in the region produce on the order of 30 mt co 2yr. Geophysical methods to map brackish and saline water in aquifers john r. Quantification protocol for co2 capture and permanent.
Currently, one of the main setbacks of ro operation is fouling, which hinders membrane performance and induces pressure loss, thereby reducing system efficiency. The model is a finitedifference numerical solution of the partial differential equations describing 1 single phase. Supercritical carbon dioxide co 2, co 2 that has been pressurized to a phase between gas and liquid, may be injected into a saline aquifer where it may either dissolve in the brine, react with the dissolved minerals or the surrounding rock, or. A search for freshwater in the saline aquifer of coastal bangladesh. The focus is on the situation prevailing along the egyptian red sea coast, where fresh water is produced for tourist resorts by. An extensive introduction to storage of co2 in deep saline aquifers can be found in 16. A search for freshwater in the saline aquifer of coastal. The model developed under this contract is a modified version of the deep well disposal model developed by intercomp resource development and engineering, inc. These include compressibility, gravity, capillarity, mutual solubility, precipitation and formation dryout effects. Exploitation of groundwater from fresh water lenses in saline. As groundwater resources and recharge as15 the whymap program gathered and summarized select information from global data sets to show.
A preliminary study of the distribution of saline water in. This study presents the results of computerized tomography ct monitored laboratory experiments to analyze permeability and porosity changes as. We solve the governing equation both analytically and numerically, and a comparison of the results for two different initial plume shapes demonstrates the importance of accounting for the true. The hydrogeology, distribution, and volume of saline water in 22 aquifers in the southern midcontinent of the united states were evaluated to provide information about saline groundwater resources that may be used to reduce dependency on freshwater resources. Injection and storage of co 2 in deep saline aquifers. Scientists propose to capture huge quantities of the carbon dioxide co2 from the smokestacks of industrial facilities, compress the gas into a fluid form and dispose of it forever deep underground in the saline. A predictive uncertainty analysis using design of experiment. Jun 23, capture and2015 quantification protocol for co 2.
The result is that the saline aquifer is slowly desalinating. Fresh water intrusion in saline aquifer guideline geo. The aquifer basics web site provides a general summary of information published in the ground water. Prev next a numerical study of saline contamination of a coastal aquifer. Carbon dioxide co2 injection into saline aquifers is one method of mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Deep saline aquifers are regarded as the most suitable sites or options for co2 geological storage, mainly due to their. This study presents a modelling approach to assess the potential for such. Mathematical models have thus been developed to aid the understanding of multiphase flow of co2 and trapping mechanisms during subsurface.
Danskin abstract geochemical evaluation of the sources and movement of saline groundwater in coastal aquifers can aid in the initial mapping. Underground hydrogen storage uhs more renewable energy production to meet climate protection agreements. The worldwide co 2 storage capacity of deep saline aquifers has been estimated to range from 100 to 10,000 gtco 2 7, 14, 17, 18. Proceedings of the 2011 georgia water resources conference, held april 11, 2011, at the university of georgia. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The co2 is stripped from the produced natural gas on the sleipner west field 2. Pdf pressure history matching for co2 storage in saline. Subsurface sequestration of co2 has received attention from the global scientific community in response to climate change concerns due to higher concentrations of co2 in the atmosphere. Pdf co2 storage in saline aquifers i current state of. The geological formations consisting of water permeable rocks that are saturated with salt water called brine. The co2 injection rate since 1996 has been close to 1 mty. This study evaluates parameter sensitivity and prediction uncertainty of.
Map showing projects injecting or having injected co 2 into deep saline aquifers. Collaborative research on carbon sequestration in saline. Introduction injectivity and economics assessing the. The frio brine field test conducted during 20042008 was the first scientific project of its kind to investigate the potential for the longterm geologic storage of co 2 in saline aquifers kharaka. However, less attention has been given to the impact of heterogeneity on the performance of these storage media. In the rest 18% this intrusion affects all the aquifer or most of it moptmaminer, 1994. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Mohaghegh and vida gholami and alireza shahkarami, year20.
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